Which type of validity assesses the correlation of test scores with another, established criterion?

The type of validity that assesses the correlation of test scores with another established criterion is concurrent validity. This form of validity evaluates how well a test's results align with those of a previously validated measure that is administered at the same time. Essentially, it helps determine whether the new test accurately reflects an underlying concept by comparing it directly to a recognized standard.

For example, if a new assessment tool for measuring firefighter competency is developed, concurrent validity would involve administering both this new tool and an established measure of firefighter competency to the same group of individuals. If the scores from both assessments correlate strongly, it suggests that the new tool is valid for measuring what it aims to assess.

In contrast, content validity focuses on whether a test adequately covers the topic or skill area it's meant to assess. Construct validity addresses how well a test measures the theoretical construct it purports to measure. Predictive validity involves assessing how well a test predicts future outcomes, rather than correlating with a criterion measured at the same time.